1	The CDS A domestic abuse intervention system Prepared for the Scottish Community Justice Accreditation Panel A Joint Development
2	Partners to the Bid CHANGE Dumfries and Galloway DVPP, City of Edinburgh and the Lothian and Scottish Borders consortium Glasgow City SACRO & the Forth Valley partnership Clackmannanshire Falkirk Stirling South Lanarkshire
3	Ecological perspective
4	Theoretical model This multi-layered approach integrates: feminist theory (Dobash et al 1979, 1992 & 2000; Pence & Paymar, 1993, Yllo and Bograd, 1988) social learning theory (Bandura, 2005) and attachment theory (Dutton, 1995 & 1998: Dutton & Sonkin, 2003 and Holtzworth-Monroe & Stuart, 1994)
5	Shared Perspective Domestic Abuse: A pattern of behaviour, not individual isolated acts Asymmetrical in shape: predominantly men Historically permitted, even encouraged Reinforced by institutions Learned & intentional, if not always conscious Normative in many respects Also, Very often the perpetrator lives with the woman (and children) he has abused The relationship between the perpetrator and victim is intimate & sexual Therefore very different to other forms of offending & requires a specific approach
6	Indivisibility of Work with Men & Women Perpetrator programmes successful for some men However, they can raise risk for women as some men: Bargain attendance Lie about attendance/participation Use programme material to criticise or control Learn to ‘pass’ For some men: focus is risk management and monitoring
7	The Process of Change
8	Model of Change Change is possible Change is desirable Reasons to change (e.g. costs and benefits) Change from object to subject (awareness) Move from external constraints to internal controls Shift in language and thinking Achieved through talking, listening, learning and thinking Men identify specific elements of change in both behaviour and attitudes (Dobash Dobash Cavanagh & Lewis, 2000)
9	CDS – a system of intervention A programme of two years’ intervention work with men preparation and motivation sessions six months’ duration group-work post programme work individual programmed work A service to women partners, ex-partners, children & families Interagency protocols to maximise safety
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14	Updates Check-ins – structured, little scope to work with what men are bringing to group each session. Brief, single word check-ins – feedback from programme workers that they are missing opportunity to work on dynamic feedback each week, (e.g. C-SOGP) 45 minute, process driven update is an active opportunity for men to consider their behaviour, learning and progress towards their goals within personal plan, with feedback from other men. Use of motivational techniques, including paraphrasing, reframing, use of praise and varied questioning styles. Strictly time limited with brief scope of changes in relation to alcohol / substance misuse. Allows each update to be tailored to programme stage, or workers assessments.
15	The woman’s worker The women’s worker has five aims: 1. Increasing safety and reducing risk 2. Improving women’s mental and emotional health and well being 3. To give clear messages and to develop understanding about domestic abuse 4. Promoting realistic expectations about the work being done with men 5. Promoting women’s empowerment and working for change
16	The women’s worker achieves these aims by: Risk Assessment Risk Management of the Offender Safety Planning Support and Advocacy Contact with other agencies Interviewing techniques particularly counselling and motivational interviewing Parenting Skills Group Work
17	Safety planning definition Davies (2001) defines a Safety Plan as: “an individualised plan abused women develop to reduce risks they and their children face. These plans include strategies to maintain basic human needs such as income, housing, healthcare, food, childcare and an education for the children. The particulars vary depending on whether a woman is separated from the abuser, plans to leave or decides to stay, as well as what resources are available to her”.